Tooth sensitivity is one of the most common dental complaints. Often, this sensitive sensation is triggered by an outside stimulus such as hot, cold, sweet or acidic coming into contact with a portion of your tooth no longer protected by enamel.

 

The proper term for tooth sensitivity is “dentinal hypersensitivity.” This term refers to the dentinal tubules which are present in your dentin and send impulses straight to the pulp or nerve of the tooth. Generally, the dentin of teeth is covered by either enamel or cementum, however, when either of these two protective layers are affected by mechanical or environmental factors, dentin becomes exposed.

 

How do this happen? Several things that can cause teeth to become sensitive include:

• Erosion of the enamel from acidic foods and beverage

• Erosion of the enamel from GERD or frequent vomiting

• Wearing away of enamel from brushing too hard or grinding teeth together

• Whitening teeth at home with over the counter products or having professional teeth whitening

• Gum recession

 

There are a few ways to treat tooth sensitivity at home using over the counter products found in most stores. However, it is always best to visit your dentist to discuss your symptoms and have them evaluate your mouth to recommend the best possible treatment.

 

When looking for an at home treatment, regardless of any “sensitivity relief” claims the packaging may have, it is important to evaluate the product’s active ingredients and look for one that has proven results in reducing sensitivity:

 

• Potassium Nitrate- deactivates nerve impulses sent to the pulp of the tooth. Products with potassium nitrate require at least 2 weeks of regular use before results will be rendered.

Most commonly found in: Sensodyne, Colgate Sensitive, etc.

 

• Stannous Fluoride- forms a layer over the exposed dentin protecting it from pain.

Most commonly found in: Sensodyne, Crest Sensi-Repair, etc.

 

• Oxalate Crystals- enter the dentinal tubules and form occlude them, preventing any impulses from traveling to the pulp. This method can last up to 1 month, varying for each individual 

Most commonly found in: Crest Sensi-Stop Strips

 

Along with these over the counter products, there are a few other things you can do to prevent or reduce sensitivity:

 

• Brush only using a soft or extra soft bristled toothbrush

• Apply only a gentle pressure when brushing, avoiding any scrubbing

• Avoid foods and beverages that are highly acidic

• Prevent yourself from grinding or clenching your teeth. You may need to visit the dentist for a custom appliance to wear if you grind in your sleep.

 

While the cause of the sensitivity is usually nothing emergent, there are several serious dental problems which could also cause the sensitivity reaction such as periodontal disease, caries, fractures, etc. If you are unable to resolve sensitivity symptoms on your own at home, consult with your dentist to rule out other possible serious dental issues.